Gambling is the wagering of something of value on an event with an uncertain outcome, where instances of strategy are discounted. It requires three elements: consideration, risk and a prize. It can take many forms, including playing games of chance, buying scratchcards, placing bets with friends or playing at a casino. It can be addictive and has significant social costs, but can also have some benefits for the gambler.
The social impacts of gambling can be seen on the personal, interpersonal and community/society levels (Fig. 1). Personal and interpersonal impacts are largely non-monetary and can be invisible to outsiders, such as the loss of leisure time or social engagement. However, these can turn into external impacts at the community/society level, such as a gambler’s increased debt and financial strain on family members or their escalating into bankruptcy and homelessness.
Aside from the thrill of winning money, many people are motivated to gamble by other reasons such as socializing or escaping worries and stress. Problem gambling is characterized by the following symptoms: a) frequently gambles in the presence of others; b) tries to recover losses by gambling more; c) lies to family members, therapists or employers about gambling activities; and d) uses illegal acts such as forgery, fraud, theft or embezzlement to finance gambling. Problem gambling can also jeopardize or lose a job, educational opportunity, relationship, or career. The impact on the economy is also significant, with some countries depending on gambling as a source of income.